Vehicle Basics
Source GM Core pg. 234
Vehicles are objects. They have object immunities, and they can't act. In addition to the statistics most objects have, vehicles have several additional statistics and abilities. Vehicles have a size like any object, but their spaces are more specifically defined. All vehicles come with a console that controls features like air conditioning and music and that syncs to a comm unit. Vehicles also have specialized movement rules.
Size, Space, and Capacity
Source GM Core pg. 234
Vehicles have size traits, but they don't occupy the same spaces that most creatures use. Instead, each vehicle has specific dimensions provided in its stat block. The sizes given are for Medium humanoid creatures, and creatures with different shapes and sizes might need vehicles that are differently sized. Buying vehicles for Tiny, Small, or Large creatures rarely impacts the consumer price of the vehicle.
Most vehicles are Large or larger, and many are made for the purpose of carrying cargo. Unless stated otherwise, the amount of cargo a vehicle can carry depends on its size, terrain, and propulsion. Most land transportation can haul around 500 Bulk of goods, while pulled vehicles can typically hold 100 Bulk per Large creature pulling. Water vehicles, such as a ship, have limits that are more based on volume than weight; a ship can hold upward of 1,500 Bulk. Flying vehicles can typically hold only 1/10 the Bulk of a water vehicle and still remain airborne. The GM might rule that unique or unusual vehicles can hold different amounts of Bulk.
Most vehicles are Large or larger, and many are made for the purpose of carrying cargo. Unless stated otherwise, the amount of cargo a vehicle can carry depends on its size, terrain, and propulsion. Most land transportation can haul around 500 Bulk of goods, while pulled vehicles can typically hold 100 Bulk per Large creature pulling. Water vehicles, such as a ship, have limits that are more based on volume than weight; a ship can hold upward of 1,500 Bulk. Flying vehicles can typically hold only 1/10 the Bulk of a water vehicle and still remain airborne. The GM might rule that unique or unusual vehicles can hold different amounts of Bulk.
Movement and Heading
Source GM Core pg. 234
A vehicle's movement type is determined by the vehicle itself, while its movement each round is based on the pilot's actions. Vehicles trigger reactions when they move, just like a creature does, as do the actions of the pilot and any passengers.
Creatures can rotate and turn freely, so when you play a creature, you usually don't need to keep track of which way it's facing. However, vehicles can't turn on a dime, so when controlling a vehicle, you need to keep track of which direction it's facing. This is called the vehicle's heading.
When a vehicle moves, it must move in the direction of its heading—it can't move backward or sideways, though it can turn gradually as it moves forward. Most vehicles can turn up to 90 degrees for every vehicle length they move forward. For example, a 10-foot-long enercycle could turn left in only 10 feet. A 100-foot-long cargo ship, however, would need 100 feet to make the same turn; so if the cargo ship has a 30-foot Speed, turning typically requires several actions' worth of movement. Some rules specify that a vehicle must move in a straight line. This line is measured from the center of the vehicle's front edge, and it can skew up to 45 degrees from the vehicle's current heading.
When using a vehicle in exploration mode, the vehicle's Speed determines its travel speed just like a creature (for more information, see the Travel Speed table), multiplied by 10 if the vehicle is motorized or magical. No Drive actions or Piloting checks are necessary to pilot a vehicle at these speeds.
Creatures can rotate and turn freely, so when you play a creature, you usually don't need to keep track of which way it's facing. However, vehicles can't turn on a dime, so when controlling a vehicle, you need to keep track of which direction it's facing. This is called the vehicle's heading.
When a vehicle moves, it must move in the direction of its heading—it can't move backward or sideways, though it can turn gradually as it moves forward. Most vehicles can turn up to 90 degrees for every vehicle length they move forward. For example, a 10-foot-long enercycle could turn left in only 10 feet. A 100-foot-long cargo ship, however, would need 100 feet to make the same turn; so if the cargo ship has a 30-foot Speed, turning typically requires several actions' worth of movement. Some rules specify that a vehicle must move in a straight line. This line is measured from the center of the vehicle's front edge, and it can skew up to 45 degrees from the vehicle's current heading.
When using a vehicle in exploration mode, the vehicle's Speed determines its travel speed just like a creature (for more information, see the Travel Speed table), multiplied by 10 if the vehicle is motorized or magical. No Drive actions or Piloting checks are necessary to pilot a vehicle at these speeds.
Propulsion
Source GM Core pg. 235
Vehicles typically travel over land, on water, or through the air, and their Speeds indicate their terrain and movement types. But vehicles also have a form of propulsion—the way in which their movement is powered—and this propulsion often has additional considerations.
There are five main types of propulsion: magical, motorized, pulled, {rules 1205 "rowed"}}, and wind. A vehicle can have more than one means of propulsion, though it usually uses only one type of propulsion at a time. The vehicle's means of propulsion informs the skills a pilot can use for piloting checks, and some means of propulsion have additional rules.
There are five main types of propulsion: magical, motorized, pulled, {rules 1205 "rowed"}}, and wind. A vehicle can have more than one means of propulsion, though it usually uses only one type of propulsion at a time. The vehicle's means of propulsion informs the skills a pilot can use for piloting checks, and some means of propulsion have additional rules.
Magical
Source GM Core pg. 235
Magically propelled vehicles are powered by spells, magic items, or an entirely magical engine. A magical propulsion system can be targeted with counteracting effects like dispel magic, using half the vehicle's level rounded up for its counteract rank and a standard DC for the vehicle's level for the counteract check. A creature can use Arcana, Nature, Occultism, or Religion (depending on the type of magic), or Piloting for a magical vehicle's piloting checks.
Motorized
Source GM Core pg. 235
Motorized vehicles are the most common but are vulnerable to effects that target tech items and can gain the glitching condition. Modern motorized vehicles don't require an expendable resource to operate, although particularly archaic models might run on batteries, petrol, or other chemicals, draining a charge of petrol per hour. Motorized vehicles are piloted using the Piloting skill.
Pulled
Source GM Core pg. 235
These vehicles are wheeled conveyances pulled by one or more creatures. The Speed of the vehicle can never exceed that of the slowest creature pulling the vehicle. The creatures pulling the vehicle don't act on their own; they instead act as part of the vehicle's actions, and their movement as part of those actions triggers reactions just as it does for the vehicle itself and its pilot.
When a pulled vehicle takes collision damage, so do the creatures pulling that vehicle (though they can typically attempt the basic Reflex saving throw to mitigate that damage). The death of one or more pulling creatures might damage or slow the vehicle, and it might cause the pilot to lose control.
For a vehicle pulled by an animal or similarly unintelligent creature, a pilot can use Nature for piloting checks; for sapient pulling creatures, the pilot can instead use Diplomacy or Intimidation for piloting checks. Piloting can usually be substituted for these skills.
When a pulled vehicle takes collision damage, so do the creatures pulling that vehicle (though they can typically attempt the basic Reflex saving throw to mitigate that damage). The death of one or more pulling creatures might damage or slow the vehicle, and it might cause the pilot to lose control.
For a vehicle pulled by an animal or similarly unintelligent creature, a pilot can use Nature for piloting checks; for sapient pulling creatures, the pilot can instead use Diplomacy or Intimidation for piloting checks. Piloting can usually be substituted for these skills.
Rowed
Source GM Core pg. 235
These vehicles are propelled by the power of creatures rowing the vehicle from within. The creatures rowing the vehicle act only as part of the vehicle's actions, and their movement as part of those actions triggers reactions just as it does for the vehicle itself and its pilot (though rowers often have some degree of cover).
When a rowed vehicle takes collision damage, so do the creatures rowing that vehicle (though they can typically attempt the basic Reflex saving throw to mitigate that damage). The death of one or more creatures might cause the vehicle to go out of control or slow the vehicle but usually doesn't damage the vehicle.
A pilot on a vehicle rowed by other people can use Diplomacy or Intimidation for piloting checks.
When a rowed vehicle takes collision damage, so do the creatures rowing that vehicle (though they can typically attempt the basic Reflex saving throw to mitigate that damage). The death of one or more creatures might cause the vehicle to go out of control or slow the vehicle but usually doesn't damage the vehicle.
A pilot on a vehicle rowed by other people can use Diplomacy or Intimidation for piloting checks.
Wind
Source GM Core pg. 235